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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication The use of medications can be a beneficial tool to help manage anxiety symptoms. Psychiatrists have extensive training in the use of medication and are able to write appropriate prescriptions that will minimize the adverse effects. Treatment for anxiety disorders is typically three-pronged, including therapy, medication and exercise. SSRIs, the first treatment for anxiety, can take up to several weeks to be effective. SSRIs SSRIs are the drugs of choice for the majority of anxiety disorders. The latest SSRIs have better adverse effect profiles than older tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). There are a variety of SSRIs are FDA-approved to treat generalized anxiety disorder . These include fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paroxetine (aka Paxil), sertraline (aka Zoloft), and citalopram (aka Celexa). These medications boost serotonin levels in the brain. They may also help to increase norepinephrine levels and BDNF. They are able to be utilized in conjunction with psychotherapy, or by themselves. SSRIs can have negative effects, such as nausea and digestive issues however, they tend to improve as the body gets used to the medication. The precise mechanism of SSRIs' action on anxiety is not well known. It is believed that SSRIs inhibit the reuptake serotonin by the post-synaptic neurons and increase the amount of serotonin in the synaptic gaps. This increases the amount of signaling across the synapse, and consequently reduces anxiety symptoms. SSRIs can help reduce anxiety and the intensity of panic attacks. They also aid in the treatment of depression and other mental health issues which often co-occur with anxiety disorders. They can be used in combination with psychotherapy or other forms of cognitive behavior therapy, which could enhance their effectiveness. SSRIs aren't addictive, unlike other antidepressants. However, it is essential to follow your doctor's prescriptions precisely. If you suddenly stop taking your medication, it may result in “discontinuation” syndrome and anxiety symptoms to come back. If SSRIs are not suitable for your needs, your doctor may look into a different kind of antidepressant, such as mirtazapine or nefazodone. These drugs may be effective, but they have a greater risk of adverse side effects than the more recent SSRIs. SSRIs can interact with certain foods, such as dairy products such as eggs, red meat, and certain fruits and vegetables. It is recommended to stay clear of these foods if you are taking these medications. It is also generally recommended that you avoid drinking alcohol when you are taking SSRIs, as this can increase some side effects. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines enhance the calming effects of certain chemicals in the brain and nervous system. They increase the effects of the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acids (GABA) which is a substance that suppresses nerve activity. These drugs are effective in treating anxiety disorders, insomnia and various psychological disorders. However, they can be addictive and should only be used for brief durations under medical supervision. Benzos may be harmful when used for recreational purposes or mixed with other substances, including alcohol. It is not uncommon for medications to be the first thing that people turn to when they suffer from an anxiety disorder however they're not the only treatment option. Talk therapy or psychotherapy has also been shown as an effective way to reduce anxiety disorder symptoms. There are many different psychotherapies, but cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is the most popular and effective. This kind of therapy helps you to change your thinking and behavior to feel less anxious. The most popular benzodiazepines include alprazolam (Xanax) and chlordiazepoxide (Librium) diazepam (Valium), clorazepate (Tranxene), Lorazepam (Ativan) and Quazepam (Dalmane). Each one has its own list of side effects but they all have similar pharmacological properties. For instance, clorazepate can be more effective in treating seizure disorders than the other benzodiazepines, and lorazepam is better for anxiety disorders than quazepam. Benzodiazepines are very effective but they are not recommended for long-term use because they can cause physical dependence and tolerance. In addition, they can cause withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking them suddenly like a pounding heart, sweating and shaking. The symptoms can be extremely unpleasant and can last for a long time, but they can be reduced by slowly reducing the medication. Benzodiazepines can be very addictive and should only be used for a short period of duration – typically not more than 4 weeks. During this period, you'll be required to monitor your blood pressure and heart rate so that you don't have an extreme withdrawal reaction. Consult your physician if you are considering a benzoodiazepine. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are a type of medication that helps to treat anxiety symptoms. They block adrenaline from binding to beta receptors in your nervous system, which prevents the hormone from triggering physical reactions like heart tremors and heart palpitations. These medications are usually used to treat high blood pressure and other cardiovascular ailments. However they are also available off-label for anxiety. When you are feeling anxious your body releases a chemical called Adrenaline. This chemical signals your body to prepare itself for fight or flight. Adrenaline is a binder to beta receptors in the brain and the heart and causes your heart to beat faster and may cause other physical reactions. Beta-blockers are class medications used to treat hypertension and other heart ailments. They are able to block adrenaline's binding actions. This assists in lowering the heart rate and blood pressure. Beta-blockers can be used quickly, in contrast to SSRIs or benzodiazepines that require weeks or even months to show improvement in symptoms. They are a great option for those who need immediate relief from the symptoms of anxiety. For example, those who must give an address in public or travel in an airplane. They are also an excellent choice for those who suffer from anxiety as well as a chronic heart condition such as atherosclerosis or congestive heart failure. Beta-blockers can help reduce physical symptoms of anxiety but they don't address the underlying causes. This is why they are usually only prescribed as a part of a larger treatment plan that includes counseling and lifestyle modifications. They are useful for people who have tried medications for anxiety and found it ineffective or caused unacceptable side effects. Propranolol, atenolol, and other beta-blockers are all available. Your doctor will determine which one is right for you according to your medical history and overall health. Taking these medications can have side effects, such as low blood pressure or fatigue and fatigue, so it is crucial to discuss your treatment options with your physician. MAOIs Developed in the 1950s, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are effective antidepressants for some anxiety and depression disorders. They aren't as frequently used as SSRIs and other antidepressants due the strict dietary restrictions required as well as the risk of drug interactions. Some MAOIs can be taken orally in tablet form, while others (such as Emsam) are available in the form of a transdermal patch applied to the skin every day. MAOIs block the action of MAO which increases the amount of serotonin as well as norepinephrine in the brain. These neurotransmitters play a role in sleep, mood appetite, sexual function. MAOIs also have anti-anxiety effects. They are more likely than TCAs or SSRIs to cause side effects and carry warnings regarding suicide. Your doctor may prescribe additional medications or treatments to help manage your symptoms in addition to the MAOIs below. Beta-blockers, such as propranolol is frequently prescribed to alleviate the physical symptoms of anxiety. Your doctor may recommend a relaxation method, or other home treatments to alleviate your symptoms. Iproniazid was the first MAOI discovered in 1952 as part of research into tuberculosis. It was later discovered to have properties that boost mood and is believed to be the first antidepressant medication. Generally, MAOIs are only used when other antidepressants don't work, as they may cause serious adverse effects that require immediate medical attention. It could cause a risky reaction that results in high blood pressure if you take an MAOI while eating foods that contain tyramine. Tyramine is present in a wide variety of red meats and cheeses as well as in fish, shellfish and a few dietary supplements. This severe reaction could cause an intense headache, nausea, vomiting and a rapid heartbeat. MAOIs can also interact with other medications and trigger severe side effects, such as suicidal thoughts, behaviors, and even suicidal thoughts. Before prescribing MAOIs, your physician will discuss with you what foods to avoid. They will advise you against eating foods that contain tyramine if you are taking the medication. He or she may also give you an inventory of food that are safe to consume when taking MAOIs. This food guide can help stay clear of MAOI-related side effects.